Turbine.



G. ROTH.

TURBINB.

i APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24, 1908. l 984,493. Patented Feb.14,1911.

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C. ROTH.

TURBINE.

ArPLIoATIoN FILED JUNI: 24. 1908.

Patented Feb. 14, 1911.4

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CARL ROTH, OF ZEHLENDORF, NEAR BERLIN, GERMANY.

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

atentcd Feb. 14, 1911.

Application filed .Tune 24, 1908. Serial No. 440,181.

T o all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CARL Ro'rn, av citizen of the Confederation ofSwitzta'land, and resident of 2 .Annastrassm Zehlendorf, near Berlin,Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, have invented certain `new anduse'tul Improvements in and Relating to Turbines, ot' which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to steam turbines, especially such as areintended for ship propulsion.

The invention has for its object to provide a simple and etlicientarrangement b v which the power of the turbine may be altered withinwide limits to meet the requirements of different speeds ot pro] mlsion.

i\ccording to the present invention the steam turbine is provided with aseries of nozzle chambers, the nozzles in which increase in capacity asthe series advances. These nozzle chambers are connected `in series andvalves are ar. anged in the connections. Steam pipes are led to each orseveral of the chambers in the series and the valves in the connectionsbetween two adjacent chambers in the series are such that the connectionbetween the more advanced chamber in the series and the chamber'immediately in front of it is closed when stca m is passed to the saidadvanced chamber tor the purpose of increasing the power of the turbineas hereinafter described. Thus an essential characteristic of thepresent invention is that when increasing the power of the turbine bypassing steam to a more or less advanced chamber in the series all backflow of steam into earlier chambers in the series is prevented by thevalve mechanism provided in the connections between the chambers.

The accompanyingdrawings illustrate this invention in severalmodifications.

Figure l is a vertical section through a turbine arranged according` tothe present invention, the section being on the line A- of Fig. 2, Fig.2 is a development ot a section taken on the line B-B ot' Fig. l, Fig. 3is a vertical cross section through a modified form of the presentinvention, Fig. 4t is a vertical cross section of another modi- .'tiedform. lthe action being taken on the line C-C otl Fig. 5, Fig. 5 is asection on the line D-D of FiO. it, Fig. (S is a vertical sectionthrough another modification, the section being taken on the line E-Eoit' Fig.

T, while Fig. 7 is a section on the line F-F oi.E Fig. (3.

In carrying thc invention into ell'ect according to the torm shown inFigs. l and 2 steam enters by the inlet l and passes through a nozzle-lwhere it is expanded and directed to impinge on the blades of theturbine wheel 7. the steam then passes to tht` exhaust chamber S andfrom this chaluber the steam passes through a non-return valve t) intothe chamber Q. From the chamber Q two nozzles 5 again direct the steamonto the blades o't the turbine wheel 7 after which the steam passesinto the chamber l0 and through the non-return valve l1 to the chamber.'3. From the chamber 3. nozzles again direct the steam onto the blades ofthe turbine wheel T which steam passes to the chamber 1Q which is onlypartially7 indicated.

The arrangement above described is that which is employed ilor drivingthe turbine during cruising. in the case in which this turbine isemployed Ytor the propulsion ot' ships. Should a greater speed berequired steam is passed directly into the chamber 2 through the pipeindicated by the dotted lines T. Naturally in this case `a larger amounto'lE steam passes from the boiler to the turbine wheel and a greaterenergy output is obtained 'trom the turbine. Should a still greateroutput ol. energy be required steam is passed to the chamber 3 throughthe pipe Bn. lt will be seen that. when the high pressure steam ispassed to the chamber 2 the non-return valve 9 closes the passage fromthe exhaust space S to the chamber Q. Further when the steam is passedto the chamber 1% the nona-ctnrn valve ll. prevents thc passage o'lEboiler steam to the chamber l0. Tn this way the elticient working ottheturbine is secm'ed at a very widely varying range olf powers. -\.t thesame time the arrangement o'li the separate turbine wheels 7 as havebeen hitherto suggested is avoided. It will be seen that the nozzlechan'rbers l, Q and Sl are arranged to receive steam in series and thatthe output oit energy ot the turbine is very sin'iply controlled bypassing the live steam to one or other of these chambers while at thesame time the capacity of the nozzles leading il'rom the chambersincreases as the series advances.

According to the form shown in Fig. 3 the same results as described withreference to the form illust-rated in Figs. 1 and 2 are obtained byarranging the nozzle chambers to direct the steam onto concentricallyarranged blades on the same wheel. Thus in the form shown in Fig. 3during cruising, steam enters by the pipe 13 and is passed through thevalve 15 to the nozzle chamber 17 then through the nozzles 18 to impingeon the blades 24. Frein the blades Q4 the steam passes to an exhaustpassage Q0 through a non-returnvalve 21 and nozzle 22 to blades 23arranged concentrically with the blades 24 on the turbine wheel 19. Anysuitable form ot' packing 1W is provided Vto prevent the leakage ofsteam in a radial direction past the wheel 19. During higher speeds ot'the ship when greater power is required from the turbine, steam isadmitted from the inlet 14 by the valve 1G to that nozzle chamber fromwhich the nozzles QQ, open. The nozzles Q2 may be greater in number orlarger in capacity in any other way than the nozzles 1S. In Fig. 3 thereis illustrated ay 'form in which the steam passing from the turbinewheel 19 is further eX- panded in a pressure flow turbine 7a. It will beunderstood that in this case when steam is supplied through the pipe 14by opening the valve 1G the valve 21 is automatically closed before thesteam impinges on the blades Q3. rIhere is thus no danger of the highpressure steam passing past the valve Q1 to the blades Q4 where. as willbe readily understood it might do serious damage.

Instead oit employing the automatic nonreturn valves illustrated inFigs. 1--3 I may employ piston controlling valves in the form shown in F4 and By means of these piston controlling valves not only is theclosure between the different nozzle compartments effected in therequired manner but the supply ot working Huid to the nozzles may beregulated. In Fig. 5 steam enters the space 2G to the valve chamber. Inthe valve chamber there is arranged a valve composed of two pistons and3G which may be operated by a rod 3T. In the position of the pistonsillustrated, the steam passing to the chamber 2G passes to the nozzleN28 and impinges on the blades of the turbine wheel 31. rIhe steam isthen led by a return pipe 32 through the blades and through a passageinto the space between the pistons 35 and 3G. From this space the steampasses through the nozzles Q9 and is again caused to impinge on theblades ot the turbine 31. This is the course of the steam during thecruising speeds. It will be seen that by moving the pistons in an uplward direction the opening to the nozzles 28 may be controlled. It thepistons are moved so far upward till the lower piston 3G in Fig. 5passes over the ports 34 past the position illustra-ted in dotted linessteam may pass from the inlet Q7 to the nozzles 29.

In this way the necessary power for higher speeds of the ship or thelike may be obtained. When the pistons 35 and-36 are moved upward in themanner described, it will be remarked that the piston 36 irst oi allcloses ott the iree connection between the passage 38 and the passages34 before the lower end oi the said piston starts to uncover the ports34 to allow steam to pass trom the inlet 2T to the nozzles 29.

According to the form illustrated in Figs. G and 'T a still furthermoditication is made in the arrangement otl the valves. In this formduring cruising the drum 41 rotatably mounted on the housing ot' theturbine is moved through the angle indicated by 43 so that a projection41L comes under one end of the centrallyv pivoted lever 42 which therebycauses theI opening ot' the valve 39. Steam thereby is allowed to passfrom the inlet 4Q to the nozzles 44 and then impinges on the blades ofthe turbine wheel. In this case the turbine wheel is shown as providedwith two rows of blades 45 and 46. It will be understood that theturbine wheel or drum may be arranged to carry a larger number ot ringsof blades. Between the blades 45 and 4G the fixed blades 47 arearranged. rThe steam leaving the blades 4G passes into a chamber 48 andpast the nonreturn alve 49 into the chamber 50. From the chamber 50nozzles 51 guide the steam so as to cause it to again impinge on theblades 4G and 45. For greater speeds the drum 41 is moved through theangle 53 so that the knob 53a comes opposite the roller ot a centrallypivoted lever which is arranged eXactly like the lever 42. rIhiscentrally pivoted lever is connected in the same manner as the lever' 42to a valve controlling the supply of steam through the inlet indicatedby the dotted lines 40. In this position the knob 432L is moved away:trom engagement with the end oi' the lever 42 and the valve 39 isclosed. In Fig. 6 it will be seen that other two knobs 54 and areillustrated and these knobs may be arranged to operate in the samemanner on further valves controlling the supply of steam to furtherchambers arranged .in the series. The description given above, however,of the arrangement as regards the valve 39 renders it unnecessary tocomplicate the drawings or extend the description to these substantiallysimilar arrangements. Y T he knobs 43a. 53, 54 and 55 may be arranged onseparate disks keyed to the same shaft or these knobs may be arranged indiierent cross planes on a.- common drum. rI he arrangement illustratedin Fig. 6 forms a very convenient means for passing the live steam toone or other of the nozzle chambers as required.

I claim:

1. The combination, with a turbine having a rotatable bladed member', acasing in which said member rotates, nozzle chambers of ditl'erentcapacity in said casing, said chambers communicating with each otherthrough said bladed member and `t'resh steam supply pipes to said nozzlechambers, of automatically opening` and closing' organs in said nozzlechambers whereby, on the admission ot' steam to one of said nozzlechambers, communication is established between said nozzle chamber andthe succeeding nozzle chambers, and whereby on the admission of steam toanother of said nozzle chambers, communication between the steamsupplied chambers is established until the pressure of steam in saidsteam supplied chambers is equal, or nearly so, when the communicationis automatitatlly eut ott.

2. rlhe combination, with a turbine having a rotatable bladed member, acasimgr in which said member rotates, nozzle chambers ot dill'erentcapacity in said easing, said chambers eonnnuuicating with each otherthrough said bladed membe and fresh steam suppl)v pipes to said nozzlechambers, spring: controlled valves in said nozzle chambers whereby, onthe adn'iission of steam to one of said nozzle chambers communication isestablished between said nozzle chamber and the succeeding nozzlechambers, and whereby on the admission of steam to another of saidnozzle chambers, communication bctween the steam supplied chambers isestablished until the pressure of steam in said steam supplied chambersis equal, or nearly so, when the communication is automatically cutoft'.

A turbine comprising in combination a i rotatable bladed member havingconcentric rings of blades thereon, a casing in which said memberrotates, nozzle chambers of different capacity in said casing, saidchambers eonnnunieatine; with cach other through said bladed member andopening on to ditl'erent rings ol.' blades in said bladed member, :freshsteam supply pipes to said nozzle chambers and auton'latically opening'and closing ore'ans in said nozzle chambers.

-l A turbine comprising' in con'ibination, a rotatable bladed menlber, aeasing in which said member rotates. nozzle chambers of di't'- ferentcapacity in said casing, said chambers coinmunicating with each otherthrough said bladed member, fresh steam supply pipes to said nozzlechambers. spring controlled valves in said nozzle chambers and means forexternally operating said spring controlled valves.

5. A turbine comprising,` in combimition`- a rotatable bladed member, acasing' in which saidv member rotates. nozzle ehan'lbers ot dill'erenleapaeitv in said easing. said chambers eonununicalinel with each otherthrough said bladed member, fresh steam supply pipes to said nozzlechambers, spring' controlled valves in said nozzle chambers, a rotatablemember. projections on said member, pivoted levers engaging saidprojections and rods connecting' said pivoted levers and Valves.

In witness whereof l. have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twowitnesses.

CARL ROTH. lVitnesses EnNs'r S'rRUMsKI, Etsin Fnmsn.

